The loss of biodiversity is dangerous and its consequences are immediate. Project report on biodiversity pdf in the development and implementation of the dimensions of biodiversity. Structure and function data and information management and communication 253 walter g. Biodiversity is an assurance for life on our planet, and therefore must be protected at all costs, because it is a universal heritage that can offer immediate advantages to human beings. Forest converts carbon dioxide into carbon and oxygen. Top 6 ecological role of biodiversity biology discussion. And an integrated project websiteblog will report results and ongoing progress.
This national biodiversity plan sets out the framework through which. Value of biodiversity documenting eu examples where biodiversity loss has led to the loss of ecosystem services. Biodiversity threats weston w sechrest,university of virginia, charlottesville, virginia, usa thomas m brooks, center for applied biodiversity science conservation international, washington dc, usa any direct or indirect human activity that threatens the planets biological diversity in the. Knowledge about the components of biodiversity is valuable in stimulating technological innovation. Biodiversity contributes to our knowledge in ways that are both informative and transformative. To build support and momentum for this urgent task, the united nations general assembly at its 65th session declared the period 20112020 to be the united nations decade on biodiversity. I am pleased to present indias fourth national report to the convention on biological diversity. Structure and function 1 wilhelm barthlott, university of bonn, botanical institute, germany k. Program b burning for biodiversity and cultural values in. Value of biodiversity documenting eu examples where biodiversity loss has led to the loss of ecosystem services env. Natural environment, resources and development notes figure 11. Berendsohn, freie universitat berlin, botanic garden and botanical museum berlindahlem, germany 1.
Second, biodiversity has not traditionally been considered as important enough to justify statistical monitoring of status and trends. Ecological diversity is the intricate network of different species present in different ecosystems and the dynamic interaction between them. Only about 150 species of plants have entered world commerce, and 103 species account for. Structure and function contents volume i biodiversity. Case study amphibians 1 habitat destruction fragmentation alteration. Conversely, others argued that an important component of biodiversity is maintained by traditional farming techniques. Humans rely on a relatively small fraction of species diversity for food. Biodiversity has a fundamental value to humans because we are so dependent on it for our cultural, economic, and environmental wellbeing. Isbn 283170765x layout by marc hegemans, haarlem, netherlands printed by albani drukkers bv, the hague, netherlands illustrations the baltic ecological networks. By securing the lifesustaining goods and services which biodiversity provides to us, the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity can provide significant benefits to our health. Biodiversity is the degree of variation of life forms within a given species, ecosystem, biome, or an entire planet. The conservation of native biodiversity appears to be the theme of biodiversity conservation texts wilson and peter, 1988. They value biodiversity as a part of their livelihood as well as through cultural and religious sentiments. Explain that the closer the biodiversity index is to 1, the more diverse the ecosystem is.
Oecd work on biodiversity and ecosystems biodiversity in the international context biodiversity is defined as the variability among living organisms from all sources, including, inter alia, terrestrial. The economic or utilitarian values of biodiversity rely upon the dependence of man on biodiversity. Nature tends to increase diversity through the process of succession. Much has been published on the subject since its first appearance at the national forum on biodiversity in september, 1986, the proceedings of which became the bestseller, biodiversity.
An ecosystem is the name given to all living species that live together in a stable community, interacting with one another and their physical environment. In contrast, the continuing loss of biodiversity on a. Scope of the information domain in biodiversity informatics 2. Extractive goods, such as the brazil nut or ornamental fish, can be harvested in the forest and sold. Three different forms of biodiversity are recognized. In 2010 parties to the convention on biological diversity cbd adopted the strategic plan for biodiversity 20112020, a tenyear framework for action by all countries and stakeholders to safeguard. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities norman myers, russell a. However, over the past 100 years, humans have increased the extinction rate by at least 100 times compared to the natural rate, leading. This is the first scientific assessment of how global urbanization trends affect biodiversity and ecosystem dynamics. The concept of biodiversity has provoked considerable debate and misunderstanding among the general public, decisionmakers, and even the scientific community. Biodiversity loss has negative effects on several aspects of human wellbeing, such as food security.
The loss of populations, species, or groups of species from. Then each participant will determine a simplified version of the biodiversity index for their ecosystem. June 2010 agriculture and biodiversity wildlife estates. Some of the major values of biodiversity are as follows. The value of biodiversity douglas williamson biological diversity relates to the variety of life fo rms. This is the total number of species divided by the total number of organisms. We received varied articles discussing the value of biodiversity at various levels. Biodiversity contributes both directly and indirectly to many constituents of human wellbeing, including security, basic material for a good life, health, good social relations, and freedom of choice and action. The value of biodiversity 16 mostly introduced if discoursive approaches to nature evaluation are not intended for political reasons or after thei r obvious failure. Biodiversity biological diversity is the total variety of living organisms in all ecosystems on earth, the genetic differences between them, and the communities and ecosystems in which they occur. The diversity of societies, cultures and languages that has developed throughout human history is intimately related to biodiversity and its use. Dec 19, 20 value of biodiversity biodiversity provides a variety of environmental services from its species and ecosystems that are essential at global, regional and local levels. It is the natural wealth of the earth, which supplies all our food and much of our shelter and raw materials. Biodiversity is a broad totality and often embraces elements beyond species diversity or numbers.
Some benefits of biodiversity are represented in forms of goods that can be directly valued by the market. Biodiversity is a generic term that can be related. The ebook is optimized for ereader devices and apps, which means that it offers a much better digital reading experience than a pdf, including resizable text and. In terrestrial habitats, tropical regions are typically rich whereas polar regions support fewer species. The biodiversity of an area is the number of different species. Biodiversity threats weston w sechrest,university of virginia, charlottesville, virginia, usa thomas m brooks, center for applied biodiversity science conservation international, washington dc, usa any. Do you know that the invisible microor ganisms constitute a lar ge component of biodiversity. Biodiversity also supplies indirect services to humans which are often taken for granted. Pipeline of projects ranging from area selection in the earliest stage. Oecd work on biodiversity and ecosystems biodiversity in the international context biodiversity is defined as the variability among living organisms from all sources, including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems, and the ecological complexes of which they are part.
It explains how biodiversity and ecosystem services can be managed and restored in innovative ways. Biodiversity is the most precious gift of nature mankind is blessed with. We at the center for biodiversity outcomes at arizona state university address this need for broad participation through our commitment to interdisciplinary collaboration and multistakeholder. A biologically diverse ecosystem, such as an old growth forest or tropical rain forest, is healthy, complex and stable. Relative to the range of habitats, biotic communities and ecological processes in the biosphere, biodiversity is vital in a number of ways including promoting the aesthetic value of the natural. In the context of conserving biodiversity, reid and miller. Nearly 45,000 species of plants and twice as many of animals have been recorded from india. Green college, oxford university, upper meadow, old road, headington, oxford ox3 8sz, uk.
The biosphere comprises of a complex collection of innumerable organisms, known as the. This includes both the policy related as well as the scienti. Burning for biodiversity and cultural values in kakadu dr alan andersen, mr peter christophersen, ms sandra mcgregor, dr adam liedloff, ms barbara mckaige csiro sustainable ecosystems, darwin, northern territory aboriginal australians successfully lived with landscape. The values of biodiversity perspectives on biodiversity. Biodiversity has both economic value and ecological value within an ecosystem. Introduction to biodiversity center for biodiversity. Genes, species, and ecosystems of direct, indirect, or potential use to humanity are often referred to as biological resources mcneely and others 1990. Value of biodiversity the environmental literacy council. Introduction to biodiversity center for biodiversity outcomes. To say that india is immensely rich in biodiversity would be to state the obvious. A pdf is a digital representation of the print book, so while it can be loaded into most ereader programs, it doesnt allow for resizable text or advanced, interactive functionality.
Biodiversity provides many key benefits to humans that go beyond the mere provision of raw materials. Greater value seems to be associated with the accessibility and naturalness of these ecosystems than with their biodiversity as such. That is what makes our country one of the 12 mega diversity countries of the world. The values of biodiversity the national academies press. Value of biodiversity biodiversity provides a variety of environmental services from its species and ecosystems that are essential at global, regional and local levels. Biodiversity includes the diversity within species and between.
Biodiversity is considered to have great value on cultural and religious grounds specially in india and east asian countries. Biodiversity or biological diversity, refers to the range of life forms on earth. Some argue that it is our moral responsibility to preserve the. The value of biodiversity is classified into direct and indirect values as shown in the below diagram. Biodiversity and conservation although india h as only 2. Agriculture and biodiversity 1 acknowledgements this paper is the result of a fruitful collaboration between 4 key stakeholders who work on a daily basis in the. Biodiversity loss has negative effects on several aspects of human wellbeing, such as food security, vulnerability to natural disasters, energy security, and access to clean water and raw materials. The red line shows the average change acrossallcombinations.
Biodiversity is the variety of living species on earth plants, animals and microorganisms and the ecosystems they form. Species extinction is a natural part of earths history. From the hot arid deserts of the sahara, through the lush green rainforests of the amazon, to the ocean depths and bright corals, our natural world is a marvel of. There is an existence value which is attached to each species because. Plants and animals constitute only a small component of biodiversity.
The individual components of biodiversitygenes, species, and ecosystemsprovide society with a wide array of goods and services. The ebook is optimized for ereader devices and apps, which means that it offers a much better digital reading experience than a pdf, including resizable text and interactive features when available. Ethical values differ from place to place, culture to culture, time to time and differ between different components of biodiversity. Examples that we use directly include the genes that plant breeders use. The economic value of biodiversity page 3 those seeking a guide to environmental economics can consult r kerry turner, david pearce and ian bateman, environmental economics. Direct values the direct value include food resources like grains, vegetables, fruits which are obtained from plant resources and meat, fish, egg, milk and milk products from animal resources. As all the organisms in an ecosystem are interlinked and interdependent, the value of. Under these limitations, the present chapter gives an overview of. Integrating biodiversity conservation and sustainable use. The designation of geographical entities in this book. Natural environment, resources and development notes diversity, ii species diversity and iii ecosystem diversity.
The idea lying beyond the introduction of the term biodiversity which occurred in 1986 during the. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Biodiversity sustains the bodies we live in, and affects the lives we lead, and the societies we form. Many traditional societies have played an important role in preserving their biodiversity. For example, a major debate in biological sciences over many decades has been that of pattern versus. These values are related to conservation of biodiversity where ethical issue of all life forms must be preserved is laid down. Loss of biodiversity contributes to climatic change. Conservation international, 2501 m street nw, washington, dc 20037, usa. These include drinkable water, clean air, and fertile soils. Biodiversity is a measure of the health of ecosystems. Germanys cooperation with developing countries and emerging economies in support of the convention on biological diversity for sustainable development.
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